Measles is a highly contagious viral disease, so preventing measles is simply a matter of avoiding anyone who has the disease and is still contagious. (Vaccination against measles, mumps, or rubella is not a requirement for entry into any country including the United States, so it can enter the US with travelers.)
Once the disease is completely over, or 4 days have passed since the onset of the rash, you are no longer contagious.
The CDC states that the "The recommended routine age for measles vaccination of infants in the United States is 12-15 months. A single dose of MMR vaccine induces antibody formation to all three viruses in at least 95% of susceptible persons vaccinated at greater than or equal to 12 months of age."
Adverse Reactions to Vaccination and a discussion of Who Should not get the Vaccine are part of the article.
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