Observational studies in the past noted that where circumcision was common, HIV prevalence was lower, while in countries where circumcision was uncommon, HIV prevalence was higher. This was first investigated in 2005, with the finding that circumcision reduced heterosexual transmission of HIV by as much as 60%.
Now, two U.S.-led trials of men in sub-Saharan Africa sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), have yielded such clear clinical benefit of circumcision that the study -- originally scheduled to run until mid-2007 -- has been halted.
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