The cause of psoriasis is not known yet, and various theories have been put forth over the years.
Currently, it is thought that psoriasis is the result of an immune system dysfunction: the immune system (T cells) mistakes healthy skin cells for antigens (invading microorganisms), initiating an on-going cycle in which new skin cells move to the top layer of the skin too quickly and dead skin and white blood cells pile up on the skin's surface. Apparently, genetic and environmental factors both play a role in this malfunction.
In people with a hereditary predisposition to psoriasis, certain factors can trigger the condition or make an existing problem worse, including:
- Systemic infections such as strep throat
- An injury to the skin
- Certain medications, including lithium, which is prescribed for bipolar disorder, high blood pressure medications such as beta blockers, antimalarial drugs and iodides
- Stress
- Alcohol — the poor nutrition that often accompanies heavy drinking can make psoriasis worse
- Excessive sun exposure or prolonged contact with chemicals such as disinfectants and paint thinners
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