Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within cavities called ventricles inside the brain. The word "Hydrocephalus" comes from the Greek, "hydro" (water) and "cephalus" (head). CSF contains nutrients and proteins necessary for the nourishment and normal function of the brain. It also carries waste products away from surrounding tissues.
Hydrocephalus occurs when there is an imbalance between the amount of CSF that is produced and the rate at which it is absorbed. As the CSF builds up, it causes the ventricles to enlarge and the pressure inside the head to increase.
An overwhelming majority of newborns with hydrocephalus will have a normal life span and normal or even superior intelligence. In addition, they will enjoy normal activities and be useful members of society.
Types of Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is either:
- congenital, when the condition exists at birth, or
- acquired, when it occurs as the result of a trauma to the brain after birth.
Forms of Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus exists in two forms:
- communicating (non-obstructive hydrocephalus) caused by inadequate absorption of CSF when the ventricular pathways are not obstructed; or
- noncommunicating (obstructive hydrocephalus) caused by blockage in the ventricular pathways through which CSF flows.
Hydrocephalus can also be either:
- congenital, where the condition is present at birth or detected soon thereafter; or
- acquired, where the condition is acquired as the result of infection, head trauma, brain tumors, cysts, etc.
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